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Bi2O3 (Bismuth Oxide)
Notes-During the 1990's, industry has been under much pressure to discontinue the use of lead compounds. Like lead, bismuth ions are highly deformable and thus a strong flux. Bismuth is a very effective substitute for PbO in frits, providing the same high gloss, flow, 'healing' and 'bubble clearance' characteristics, refractive index, surface tension, viscosity, and resistance to 'aggressive' dishwasher detergents. Bismuth melts lower than lead and thus glazes can be even more fluid. One difference for some to note is that its response to cadmium colorants is different (although using inclusion stains should not be a problem).-Although we do not have an expansion number for Bi2O3, many people simply use the one for lead. -Bismuth has been used instead of lead oxide in amounts up to 50% in optical glasses to improve durability and increase the specific gravities and refractive indexes. Arsenic is often used with it to prevent a tendency toward grey coloration. -Bismuth has also been used in low temperature frits and colors, as a flux in conductive glazes, and in metal enamels. Out Bound Links
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